Practical Linux Tutorials and Command-Line Guides

Search hundreds of step-by-step tutorials for Bash, Ubuntu, networking, security, and more.

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Apr 23, 2026 • 8 min read

How to Copy, Cut and Paste in Vim / Vi

Vim uses yank, delete, and put commands to copy, cut, and paste text. This guide covers normal mode commands, visual mode selections, registers, and system clipboard integration.

Mar 11, 2026 • 9 min read

chown Command in Linux: Change File Ownership

Use the chown command in Linux to change file and directory ownership, including recursive changes, symbolic links, and practical ownership examples.

Jul 27, 2026 • 6 min read

How to Install PHP on Ubuntu 26.04

Learn how to install PHP 8.5 on Ubuntu 26.04 with Apache or Nginx. Includes PHP-FPM setup, common extensions, and installing other PHP versions.

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Aug 30, 2026 • 7 min read • series

How to Create Bash Aliases

Bash aliases let you shorten long commands into short, memorable shortcuts. This guide covers alias syntax, persistent aliases in .bashrc, and bash functions for shortcuts that take arguments.

Aug 30, 2026 • 9 min read

wc Command in Linux: Count Lines, Words, and Bytes

The wc command counts lines, words, characters, and bytes in files or standard input. This guide covers common options with practical pipeline examples.

Using the Linux wc command to count lines, words, and bytes

Aug 30, 2026 • 8 min read

reboot Command in Linux: Restart with systemctl and shutdown -r

Three commands cover common Linux reboot scenarios: reboot for an immediate restart, systemctl reboot for the systemd path, and shutdown -r for scheduled restarts with user notifications.

Rebooting a Linux system from the command line using systemctl and shutdown

Aug 28, 2026 • 12 min read

Linux Kill Process: Stop Processes by PID or Name

Stop stuck programs in Linux with kill, killall, pkill, and xkill. Find the PID, send SIGTERM first, and use SIGKILL only when the process refuses to exit.

Aug 28, 2026 • 10 min read • series

df Command in Linux: Check Disk Space Usage

Check disk space usage in Linux with the df command. Human-readable and fixed block sizes, filesystem types, inode usage, custom output fields, and df vs du.

Aug 28, 2026 • 9 min read • series

How to Add a Directory to PATH in Linux

Add a directory to the PATH variable in Linux, temporarily or permanently, covering ~/.local/bin, custom binaries, and system-wide changes for all users.

Adding a directory to the PATH environment variable in Linux

Aug 28, 2026 • 13 min read

traceroute Command in Linux

Trace the path packets take to a host, read every field of the traceroute output, decode hops that show asterisks or !X, and map Windows tracert flags to Linux.

Aug 28, 2026 • 7 min read • series

.bashrc vs .bash_profile: What is the Difference?

Understand the difference between .bashrc and .bash_profile, when each file is loaded, and where to put aliases, PATH changes, and environment variables.

Aug 26, 2026 • 9 min read

MySQL SHOW TABLES: List Tables in a Database

Use SHOW TABLES to list tables in a MySQL or MariaDB database. This guide covers filtering with LIKE and WHERE, viewing table structure and contents, and querying information_schema.

MySQL SHOW TABLES command listing database tables

Aug 26, 2026 • 11 min read

How to Add APT Repository in Ubuntu

Add APT repositories in Ubuntu using add-apt-repository, the signed-by method, and PPA. Includes the DEB822 format used by default on Ubuntu 24.04 and 26.04.