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How to Install Ubuntu 26.04
Step-by-step instructions for installing Ubuntu 26.04 LTS from a bootable USB drive, covering the 26.04.1 ISO, installer screens, disk setup, and first boot.
nohup Command in Linux: Background Jobs and Output
nohup keeps commands running after logout. The 'appending output to nohup.out' message is not an error. This guide covers background jobs, 2>&1 redirection, and stopping processes.
Fix 504 Gateway Timeout Error in Nginx
Diagnose Nginx 504 Gateway Timeout errors using upstream logs and response times. Fix slow applications or adjust proxy_read_timeout and PHP-FPM timeouts.
wget Command in Linux: Download Files with Examples
Use wget to download files on Linux, resume interrupted transfers, save files to a directory, and mirror websites, with practical command examples.
Fix 502 Bad Gateway Error in Nginx
Diagnose Nginx 502 Bad Gateway errors using the error log. Fix refused connections, PHP-FPM sockets, permissions, and oversized upstream headers.
Understanding the /etc/shadow File in Linux
The /etc/shadow file stores hashed passwords and password aging data for each user on a Linux system. This guide explains the file format, hash types, field meanings, and how to query password information safely.
nslookup Command in Linux: Query DNS Records
Query A, AAAA, MX, NS, and TXT records with nslookup, run reverse lookups, install it on Debian and Ubuntu, and read NXDOMAIN, No answer, and timeout errors.
export Command in Linux: Set Bash Environment Variables
Use export to turn Bash shell variables into environment variables that child processes inherit, list exported variables, and make them permanent across sessions.
mv Command in Linux: Move Files and Directories
Move and rename files and directories in Linux with the mv command, including overwrite prompts, backups, the -T option, and cross-filesystem moves.
git stash: Save and Restore Uncommitted Changes
Use git stash to set aside uncommitted changes, switch branches, and bring the work back later. Includes applying a specific stash, stashing untracked files, and fixing pop conflicts.
Series
Cheatsheets
.gitignore Cheatsheet
.gitignore pattern syntax at a glance: wildcards, directory rules, negation, anchoring, global ignore files, untracking committed files, and git check-ignore.
HTTP Status Codes Cheatsheet
HTTP status codes from 1xx to 5xx, common error causes, Nginx and Cloudflare codes, and curl and log commands for checking responses.
jq Cheatsheet
jq filter reference for selecting fields, filtering arrays with select, building objects, CSV and TSV output, shell variables, and editing JSON files.
CIDR and Subnet Mask Cheatsheet
IPv4 CIDR prefix to subnet mask table from /0 to /32 with address and host counts, subnet boundaries, reserved ranges, IPv6 prefix sizes, and CIDR in Linux commands.