Practical Linux Tutorials and Command-Line Guides

Search hundreds of step-by-step tutorials for Bash, Ubuntu, networking, security, and more.

Featured Articles

May 9, 2026 • 6 min read

SSH Permission Denied (publickey): Causes and Fixes

How to troubleshoot the SSH "Permission denied (publickey)" error in Linux. Covers file permissions, missing keys, SELinux, SSH agent issues, and server-side debugging.

Use SCP Command to Securely Transfer Files

Apr 24, 2026 • 7 min read

scp Command in Linux: Secure File Transfer Examples

SCP copies files securely between local and remote hosts over SSH. This guide covers syntax, common options, and practical examples for everyday file transfers.

Aug 4, 2026 • 7 min read

Linux Folder Size: How to Check File and Directory Sizes

Check folder and file sizes in Linux with du. Compare directory totals, rank subdirectories, exclude paths, and check free space with df.

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Aug 20, 2026 • 13 min read

How to Use sed to Find and Replace Strings in Files

Replace strings in files with sed: run sed -i 's/old/new/g' file. Covers global, case-insensitive, word-boundary, regex, line-range, and recursive replace.

Using the sed command to find and replace strings in a Linux file

Aug 20, 2026 • 9 min read • series

Bash Best Practices: Writing Safer, Cleaner Scripts

Practical Bash best practices for writing safer and more predictable scripts, covering strict mode, quoting, error handling, and everyday patterns.

Bash best practices for writing safer and cleaner shell scripts

Aug 20, 2026 • 7 min read • series

How to List Groups in Linux

Find which groups a user belongs to in Linux using the groups, id, and getent commands. Includes how to list all groups and group members on the system.

Listing Linux groups with the groups and id commands in a terminal

Aug 19, 2026 • 11 min read • series

How to Redirect stderr to stdout in Bash

Redirecting stderr and stdout in Bash using 2>&1, &>, and other operators. Covers file descriptors, appending, piping errors, and discarding output with /dev/null.

Aug 19, 2026 • 7 min read

How to Delete Lines in Vim / Vi

Delete lines in Vim or Vi with dd, :%d, visual mode, or :g/pattern/d. Examples for single lines, ranges, all lines, and pattern-based deletion.

Aug 18, 2026 • 5 min read

How to Check Your Debian Version: Commands and Release List

Debian 13 (trixie) is the current stable release. Check your version with /etc/os-release, lsb_release, or hostnamectl, plus codenames and support dates.

Aug 18, 2026 • 6 min read

How to Remove a Symbolic Link (Symlink) in Linux

Remove symbolic links in Linux with rm, unlink, or find. Clean up broken symlinks and avoid the trailing-slash trap that can remove target directory contents.

Aug 18, 2026 • 6 min read • series

How to Run a Bash Script in Linux

Run a bash script in Linux with chmod +x, the bash interpreter, or source. Step-by-step examples with common errors and fixes.

Aug 17, 2026 • 7 min read • series

sleep Command in Linux: Pause a Bash Script

How to use the sleep command in bash to pause script execution. Examples cover seconds, minutes, sleep infinity, retry loops, countdowns, and background sleeps.

Aug 17, 2026 • 11 min read

How to Create a Self-Signed SSL Certificate with OpenSSL

Generate a self-signed SSL/TLS certificate and private key on Linux using the openssl command. Covers RSA and ECDSA keys, Subject Alternative Names (SAN), and non-interactive generation.